Urban Planners :: essays research papers

URBAN PLANNERS     Urban planners plan for the conditionment of urban and inelegant aras. Most create for city, county, or other governmental agencies, where they help develop and perform official policy regarding current and future land use. They are concerned with all features of the environment, including the location and design of buildings, transportation systems and with the protection of rude(a) resources, including air and water quality and population density. They report on the scoop out location for houses, stores and parks. Planners also consider social and economic factors that will be affected by land use changes.      Planners generally work in clean, well-lighted offices. However, they may spend much of their measure outside the office, attend meetings or hearings,(Sometimes after hours), or inspecting development sites.     A bachelors gunpoint in planning or a related field is the minimum compulsi on for professional-level jobs. Some other requirements for most jobs include a masters degree or several years of professional go or both. However it is vi suitable to get bugger offed with only a bachelors degree, a lot of competition for entry-level jobs and the arise difficulty of the work itself makes a masters degree suitable. Most authorities remember an under(a)graduate degree in an area related to planning, such as geography, political science, or architecture followed by a graduate degree in planning. A degree in urban studies, environmental studies, or environmental planning programs requires the same two years of full time study to complete. Local government planning offices often hire college students to work during the summer. Students can learn a lot before they get their beginning(a) job after they graduate. To become a certified planner, a certain(prenominal) amount of courses must be taken. A few universities have programs under which students may earn mast ers degrees in planning as well as in an similar field, such as architecture, in about triad years of full time study. Planners must be able to theorise in terms of relationships and visualize the effects of their plans and designs. They should be flexible and able to reconcile different viewpoints and to make constructive policy recommendations. The ability to move on well, both orally and in writing, is necessary for anyone interested in this field.       administration agency salaries for planners with a bachelors degree and littleor no experience starts at about $2,300 to about $3,000 a month. Planners with a masters degree or one or two years of experience can start at $2,500 to $3,500 or more a month.

Personal or Narrative Essay: My Environmental Practices Essay

Now its your turn to write a individual(prenominal) or narrative essay. For this kind of ain penning, you are victimization the premiere soul perspective. Keep your writing informal. You weed make data links to your readings, referring to unique(predicate) relevant details from the Ten Things article, or boththing else you have read on how to reduce your negative impact on the environment. In your composition, feel easy to share how you feel now about your own environmental practices, any insights you have gained, and ideas you have for the future.Write a five separate person-to-person essay or narrative about the connection between your life style choices and how they impact the broader environment. There are three steps to this assignment pure tone A In the first hour after waking up in the morning, make none of ein truththing you call, and the country where it was made. Makes notes also on your connection to these places, and the people in these places, through the things you use. flavour B Make notes on what your best environmental practice might look like, related to the use of these items.In your opinion, is what you are doing right now enough? How might you do more? What is stopping you? For ideas on what else you could be doing to improve your own environmental practices, refer to your answers from Lesson A Activity 1 Ten Things You Can Do. Step C Choose to write either a personal essay, or a narrative. Note that personal essays roughly always involve roughly form of narrative, while narrative essays, often written in first person, tell a story from beginning to end though this does not mean they merely entertainthey explain something to the referee as well. retort the following characteristics of the narrative and personal essay Narrative Essay A narrative essay is a story that describes a sequence of events, in this case, nonfiction. Remember the following elements of narrative essays makes a evidence, introduced in the first par agraph has a beginning, middle, and end events are chosen to support the essays point includes the devices of story plot, character, setting, climax, and ending has a consistent point of conniption (the authors i. e. yours ) includes feelings about eventsstarts as close to the inciting incident (the event that begins the story) as mathematical includes only what is necessary to advance the action personalized Essay The personal essay constitutes a struggle for emotional and intellectual honesty. In writing a personal essay, you show a vulnerability and the courage to need self-contradictions in the search for truth. Remember the following elements of the personal essay around always written in first person makes a point, introduced in the first paragraph, expressed in a thesis statement almost always some autobiographical content or componentconstructed of personal opinions, hopes, beliefs, doubts, confusions intimate, personal toneadmit the reader into your inner thoughts, mus ingsas if your reader is eavesdropping on a mind in solitude voice is informal in style and tone, as though you are addressing a menial audience approach is contemplative, but can be humourous, not of very strong emotions, such as rage or bitterness returns to the point in the concluding paragraph with a new perspective Personal/Narrative Essay Checklist1. Have you chosen a topic you can be sincere about? Manufactured sincerity doesnt move in a personal essay or first person narrative. 2. Have you included some autobiographical component? 3. Are you pursuit out a truth in your essay?

Carl Robins Essay

This case study pertains to an employee by the name of Carl Robins. He has been employed by ABC, Inc as a Campus Recruiter for six months. In previous(predicate) April, during Mr. Robins first six months of employment he successfully recruited 15 stark naked learns. The brisk-made vituperateees were to report to Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor, as they would be massageing on a lower floor her. (University of Phoenix, 2014)This case study analysis of Mr. Robins is in relation to the numerous aftermaths that transpired mingled with April and June 15th. To obtain a clear understanding of the complications that transpired, the partnership believes that it would be in their best interest to consult a firm to look into the attach tos issues and to support solve the problems that have emerged this may be the virtu all(prenominal)y effective method to identify and recommend ways to improve ABC, Inc.s recruiting of spic-and-span trainees. I. ISSUES THAT TRANSPIREDThe consulting firm came into ABC, Inc. and thoroughly examined background information on the situation. at that place were many key problems that had been identified during the evaluation. The issues that ABC, Inc. was facing were centered on Mr. Carl Robins, ABC, Inc.s Campus Recruiter and withal on the participation ABC, Inc. To begin, Mr. Robins has been with the company merely a before long six months. The consulting firm believes that Mr. Robins lacks experience, steriliseing and supervision. The firm also believes that ABC, Inc. did not train him by rights nor did it provide him with the companionship he motiveed to proceed properly with the hiring process.He lacked experience and knowledge of the hiring process and he was salve allowed to hire 15 new trainees for the Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls. Although hiring 15 new trainees is great execution for a new employee, this might have been too many employees to be hired at once for a first recruitment. Be cause he is still new to ABC, Inc., learning about day to day operations, the hiring of 15 new trainees arouse be everywherewhelming, even to the most experienced of people.Another issue Mr. Robins was facing, was the lack of communication between him and the other employees in the office. On May 15th, he was contacted by Monica Carrolls about the following issues the training schedule, orientation, manual(a)s, policy booklets, physicals, drug tests, and a host of other issues, which Carl would form for the new hires. Once again, Carl assured the Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls, that he would have everything unblemished and put by the June 15th orientation.After further review, Carl had realized that when going with the new trainee levels to finalize all the paperwork for the June 15th orientation applications for some of the new trainees had not been completed. Also, on that point were no transcripts on file and none of the 15 trainees had been sent for the compu lsory drug screen. Another problem Carl had was that the orientation manuals were absent several pages from each of them and he only had three copies of the manuals. Lastly, upon checking the convention mode to confirm the date of the orientation, he had not realized that the conference dwell had been booked for the whole month of June by the engineering Services Department. at that place are several concerns or issues that need to be addressed and that Carl and ABC, Inc. need to rectify. Below are the listed issues of these concerns that will be discussed. Review of addressed issues1. partial employee applications2. Mandatory drug screens were not scheduled3. Employee transcripts were not on file4. Incomplete orientation manuals5. Shortage of orientation manuals6. Resource scheduling conflictsII. chore SOLVING SOLUTIONSAfter the case review of Carl Robins, discussion of come-at-able solutions available to rectify the situations at hand and the proposed solutions that Mr. Rob ins should stockpile have been reviewed. Starting with concerns and issues, tots one through three, the incomplete employee applications Carl of necessity to contact the 15 new hires and carry them aware of the absence in their records and have them complete the applications that need to be submitted to the Human Resources Department along with a transcript they also have to complete a required drug screen prior to orientation. Carl needs to set a deadline for the mandatory drug screens to be completed prior to the June 15th orientation training. On the concerns and issues, number four and five, the incomplete orientation manuals and the shortage of the orientation manuals.The orientation manuals were short by 12 Carl needs to make arrangements with company in house feign soul to finish completing the orientation manuals he needs or he must contact an impertinent company to help rectify the need for the orientation manuals. Carl needs to have a Main Copy Manual made for himse lf or the next person that is in his position. A hard copy manual is something that should be unplowed on file, so that pages will not be misplaced and there will always be one on file. Carl seems to lack knowledge of ABC, Inc.s policies and procedures. He must get to know the material in the companys orientation manual prior to the July orientation. Reading over the material prior to the orientation and also going over what he will be saying to the new hires with his own supervisor or another staff member might be a honest way to go about this.Mr. Robins can also make key notes to have for himself during the orientation so he can be prepared prior to the training. Lastly, on issue and concern number six. ABC, Inc. must make arrangements to find a better way to coordinate the availability of the conference room or rooms. By not having arrangements in place for this, Carl currently does not have a place to stick orientation that is to take place on June 15th due to the Technology S ervices Department holding training for the whole month of June. Whether the arranging that they choose be a calendar type paper ground or nett based, ABC, Inc. should have something in place so errors same(p) these do not occur again. A recommendation of a web based calendar and have one person take keep in line of it is suggested. III. PROPOSED COMPANY SOLUTIONSThe proposed company solutions that should take place are refer all applicants to the Human Resources Department and also for all new employees pay bimestrial or monthly start dates to coincide with the companys tolerate periods. surrender orientation manuals printed either by an in house copy person or have orientation manuals completed by an outside company. Lastly, ABC, Inc. must set up a calendar corpse for reserving the conference room and Carl needs to go ahead and reserve this room on a reoccurring basis. It will be easier to cancel the reserved room instead than to go scrambling looking for a room to hold orientation in. A web based calendar controlled by one person is what is recommended.Having f number management hold a act asing to discuss implementing the proposed solutions should be an special step to take for all corporate management. Also, upper management should meet on a monthly basis to discuss issues that may be happening within the company and use critical thinking skills to help determine what steps they need to take to help their employees better themselves at their jobs. This will bring good morale to the company and will make for a better work environment. CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, Carl Robins is an employee of ABC, Inc. and has been working for the company for just six months. He holds the position of Campus Recruiter and on his first recruitment hired 15 new trainees. Carl lacked supervision, knowledge and experience and was not ready for such a large task. He was missing applications and mandatory drug screenings that were needed to complete employee records. Ca rl also did not have proper completed orientation manuals. These issues led to a case study of Carl and ABC, Inc. and proposed solutions were recommended. The recommended solutions are as follows1. Refer all applicants to the Human Resources Department2. All new employees to establish bimonthly/monthly start dates to coincide with pay periods3. Orientation manuals to be printed in house or by outside company4. Have a hard copy manual made of orientation manual5. Set up a web based calendar system for reserving conference room or roomsIt is not impossible to flood out these issues, the proposed solutions if set in place should make for a better work environment for the employees of ABC, Inc.References(2014). Case study carl robins. University of Phoenix.

Napoleon Essay

Bonaparte was nil more than a autocrat as he exploited France in chase of his ain aspirations to accomplish a dynasty in his name. A absolutism is frequently associated with repression and the kit and caboodle of a constabulary province. Both of these were. in fact. being employ in France. For illustration short sleep smartly censored the imperativeness and even the theater.When catnap took power. Paris had a vivacious newspaper concern. by the terminal of his control there were and four newspapers left due to his denial of a free-press and all of these had been downstairs his control. These newspapers were censored and used by short sleep for propaganda. He in any case had undercover agents and betrayers working for his Ministry of Police. he used particular tribunals and imperious imprisonment which truly supports the construct of a constabulary province under a absolutism.Implementing these resources allowed catnap to quash any resistance to his regulation and mash an y civil agitation Sing these facts merely it would look that Napoleon was nil but a oppressive dictator. but. this would non needfully be a just judgement as throughout his reign he go on to utilize certain administrative organic structures which limited his immunity of action. such(prenominal) as the Senate and the Legislative Body which suggests he didnt have or want overall power as a dictator for personal business such as jurisprudence devising.He besides introduced the Civil Code. which assure legal rights. he besides instituted a figure of reforms that brought echt benefits to the Gallic nation. such as spiritual acceptance. which non merely followed radical ideal of independence and equality as anyone was allowed to pattern their chosen trust. but would besides dribble had popular support in France. Under Napoleon. the upper ranges of representative government activity had no serious power and were reduced to back uping Napoleon.The Senate. packed with Napoleons prot agonists. did mostly what it was t grey-haired. cashing their wage and picking up honours. The Tribunate was to a corking extent purged in 1802 after knocking Napoleon. and remained careful afterwards never to talk excessively loud. until it was shut in 1807. Napoleon therefore set about small resistance from politicians until the events of 1813-4. and at the terminal the senate did eventually seek and expel their great helper from power.Crucially. most of these places were filled by people who had been intricate in radical authorities. However. The First Consul found solutions for a despairing terra firma of affairs he brought approximately spiritual mollification with the Concordat in 1801. restored fundss ( making the Banque de France and the franc-germinal ) . reformed the disposal ( go throughing the jurisprudence of 28 Pluviose. An cardinal making the prefects ) . won triumphs abroad. conveying about an terminal to ten old ages of war.It is true. as people tend to show p resents. that this success benefited from some locomote and triumphs of the Directoire but there is no denying that Bonaparte brought solutions to the jobs inherited from the Revolution. something which the Directoire had non been able to make. heredity did non hold much significance since the new emperor had no kids and Josephine was distributing the recital that he could non hold any.The cardinal point here was to avoid a vacuity of power which would hold as a effect a Restoration of the Bourbons. a possibility that had terrified the ex-members of the Convention of all measure since the menaceing announcement of Louis XVIII in Verona. after Louis XVIIs functionary decease. Thus. a continuity would be maintained in instance of stroke or successful slaying effort against Bonaparte. The solution remained probationary merely because it was impossible to happen a solution which would guarantee the heritage of the Revolution.Napoleon is reforms did profit France greatly. For ill ustration one of his economic reforms. The Bank of France. established in 1800. restored stableness to the state by giving a monopoly of note place to the new cardinal bank and endorsing it steadfastly with gold and Ag. Labour was besides controlled. Napoleons thoughts on economic sciences were sort of old fashioned. He even considered reconstructing the clubs. The prohibition on trade brotherhoods remained though and bankbooks were introduced to restrict workers freedom of motion.The concluding point of Napoleons economic direction was that the control of monetary value and the supply of nutrient was introduced. There were no bread public violences to endanger his regulation. The export of maize was steadfastly restricted and maximal monetary set for staff of life and flour were introduced in 1812. He was cognizant that thirst was a much greater menace than the desire for autonomy. Napoleon himself was instead unshockable he one time said. If I were regulating Jews I would reco nstruct the Temple of Solomon . However. he realised the value of organized faith as a agency towards societal peace and order The people ust have a faith and that faith must be in the custodies of the government . The consequence was the spiritual colony of 1801 the Concordat. which said the Catholic piety was recognised as the faith of the great maj ority of the population and the clergy were to be remunerative as province functionaries. Besides buyers of former church lands were guaranteed ownership. However. so that he should non be seen as reconstructing Roman Catholicism Napoleon attached the constitutional Laws to the colony.They included a charter of Protestant autonomies. verification of the subjugation of the Church to the secular power in France. In fact. the Concordat endured even when capital of Italy was annexed in 1809 and the Pope became a Gallic captive. To reason. Napoleon ruled standardized a dictator during his regulation of France between 1799 and 1815 as h e used censoring and the secret constabulary etc to stay in power even so his reforms did convey echt benefit to France. nevertheless the term enlightened tyrant might be more suited to depict his nature.

Grand Alliance 1945

?Why did the keisters for disbelieve and suspicion surrounded by the members of the Grand conjunction already exist by 1945? In 1945 the struggle had been fought on one side by the nations of enormous Britain, ground forces and USSR, the members of the Grand Alliance achieved supremacy in WW2. It was more grievous than ever the victorious supplys remained united as they faced the enormous job of reconstructing state of war torn Europe. However, as they sought to do this, their unity was already weakened by the existence of apprehension and suspicions amid them.Despite the outward bearing of unity, these nations were fundament exclusivelyy divided by their ideological ambition which had already existed between them since 1917 the disagreements and strains they experienced and their competing aims and ambitions for the future of post-war Europe on which their societies were based. The fundamental struggle between the communisticic system of USSR and capitalist ideas of regular army and Great Britain ideological rivalry is evident to be the most signifi back tootht explanation for the existence of doubt and suspicion between them.Due to the fact, it lies at the behind of the other casual factors. The spacious term issues of their ideological rivalry which was present between the USSR and the West since the red Revolution in 1917 was a significant contri scarcelyory factor in the development of a hostile dealingship between them. The great power rivalry was evident during the days of 1917 to 1941 the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 saying the rise of Lenin which meant a rise in Communism. It can be express the Soviet foreign policy was driven by communist political orientation rather than content security.This was a holy terror of a totalitarian state. political orientation of Marxism was alien to the the States as left wing politics were unheard of this was especi every last(predicate)y threatening as Marxist ideology saw the destruct ion of capitalist societies such as the USA. Its egalitarian values and its attacks on the part withdoms held to be so significant in a Liberal Democracy. Truman adopted a strident policy to combat spread of fabianism towards the Soviet compass north in 1945 he upbraided USSRs foreign minister Molotov, over Soviet occupation of Poland.A greater source of fear in the West was the communist belief in the inevitable conflict between capitalism and communism views. The idea of communism succeeding to worldwide revolution and this meant the downfall of capitalism. In addition, Europe faced the growing threat from Nazi Ger many an(prenominal). In the years of 1939 saw the introduction of a non-aggression pact between Russia and Germany. Seen by many as what gave Hitler the confidence to invade Poland which sparked WW2.Stalin feared Germany would go against them in war and were non ready arms wise in the battle to fight against them. It can be said Hitler didnt want to fight war on bo th atomic number 99 and West fronts, thats why he cherished to attack Poland, already achieving taking over Czechoslovakia. These approaches were rejected by the British government whose ideological opposition to Fascist Germany. Their differences in ideology created British suspicions to rise, as Stalin appeared to be confirmed in August, in the view of the British making the outbreak of war in Europe inevitable.1941, when the Grand Alliance was formed, it was out of a mutual need to defeat a communal enemy (Hitler. ) Not a natural alliance of allies but an alliance of ideological enemies. The suspicion and mistrust relationship between them go on to exist below the surface. This helps to explain why despite the superficial evidence of unity, there were extensive dissimilarities and strains in their wartime relationship which further served to fuel the possible hostility between them. The strands in the Grand Alliance were callable to the ideological suspicions that arose be tween them.The disagreements that they experienced in the years frame of referenceing up to 1945, was due to the fact their key personalities and how they dealt with situations. The constraints and pressure they were put in as national leaders, added to their regulate of mistrust and suspicion between them. Despite im be relations there were as well cracks in the Soviet-American Alliance during the years of 1942 to 1944. Two sides argued round the opening of a second war front against Germany as Stalin cute the USA and Great Britain to invade Western Europe in read to relieve pressure on the Red Army in the east.Knowing that Stalin approached a incompatible aspect of leadership, with his dysfunctional personality and suspicious nature, he remained mistrustful of capitalist West authority, actions that the USA choose to take only proved his xenophic style of leadership to be expressed in his government. As earlier as 1942, Roosevelt promised to this however his following ac tions contributed to the suspicions. In the end the D solar day landings didnt occur until June 1944 in the meantime millions of Russians had died. The preoccupation with Stains obsession with Soviet security, USA wasnt in a position to appreciate USSR racy sense of insecurity in 1945.This delay drove Stalins suspicions that USA and Britain were hoping that Germany and the USSR would kill each other off. This theory was viewed by many bulk the revisionist. They asserted the USAs policies of capitalist expansionist such as not helping USSR, was primarily responsible for the onset of the Cold War. The war never saw Russia and the USA fight alongside each other. Also, Soviet spies infiltrated the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico where US scientists were attempting to build the first nuclear bomb this soviet operation was on a massive scale.The relief mutual suspicion and disagreement on specific issues, (the second front) suggests the two sides had already mistrusted e ach other by 1945 due to their unprecedented cooperation. Considering all the factors, only when you get the opportunity to get them into a close tinge thats when ideology rivalry becomes the most significant factor in the foundations for mistrust and suspicion between the members of the Grand Alliance. The strains caused between them in the build up by 1945, may have been an ultimate trigger to anxiety the mistrust and suspicion.Never the less, ideological rivalry is a catalyst in foothold of in accelerating a difference between them. Therefore, leading the members to have altogether different competing aims and ambitions in post-war Europe. Growing tensions and suspicions between the members of Grand Alliance which already existed through their ideological rivalry and strains steered them to having opposite aims and ambitions in post-war Europe. The reality of Soviet Union and the West having different competing aims and ambitions only put the final layer of the mistrust and s uspicion to become an alarming problem.Despite having won the war together, the USA and USSR faced the post-war world with more differences than similarities. Stalin demands regarding Germany where that the future of the Soviet Union was to be secured, to prevent repercussions of the opinion of WW2 happen again such as 2,700,000 of its citizens organism killed. Also, the opportunity of friendly governments and he treasured to seek revenge as the whole of Russia was destroyed 70,000 villages were destroyed. The chances of USSR achieving these aims regarding Germany were unlikely as the West would be against them.The mistrust and suspicions which had already been implanted in the leaders minds caused the USA not to contribute, because of the threat of impact in ideological differences. However, they did agree in the principle of dividing and occupying Germany among the victory and have a shared goal of continued cooperation after war this could re-kindle the trust between them. In 1944, they had different ideology which was based on their different economic and political ideas within their government. This was evident in their communist and capitalist ideas.USA had a very fixed idea about the shape of the world economy after the war. USA had become strong advocates of free trade, the unrestricted exchange of goods between nations based on their capitalist ideas. idiosyncratic countries should operate in Open Door policies, having production and distribution of goods should be on responsibility of a private sector and not the state. However, USA aims and ambitions for a free market were completely different to those of USSR government, they saw the discernment of the command economy and state control necessary.The economy of the government was coordinate along the communist financial principles, a command economy. In addition, their aims and ambitions also differed in political ideology. Where the USA was in favour of (liberal democracy) democracy and right , a system where by immunity of speech was apparent which formed the basis of the post-war Europe. These rights were unheard of in the USSR and were not seen as fundamental or important as they were in line of business to the ideas of USA.The fear of capitalist ideas spreading towards the East added to the mistrust and suspicion of Stalin as his role was an expansionist communist. They believed in (one-company state) freedom of speech and dissents were not tolerated in any basis, within a party or society at large. Along with that, the recent devastating effects of WW2 for Russia, Stalin pursued in creating a belt of friendly states on Russias western border. USSR had experience mistrust and twice in Stalins life-time Russia had been invaded by Germany through these eastern neighbours, he longed for a sense of security.But, Roosevelt wanted no empires or sphere of influence in the world. He believed that all states had no right to self-determination. Their differences in post-war agreements added tension in their fragile relationship. These events would seed down the seeds for the eventual collapse of the Grand Alliance these can be observe in the agreements do at Yalta even though ironically these pronounced the highpoint of allied unity. Ideological rivalry and a history of mistrust and suspicions made the potential for the continuation of Grand Alliance to deteriorate.Contrasting post-war visions held by the USA and USSR reflected their different value systems, different historical experience and different security needs. The chances of them operative together in a complacent way were stacked against them as they were expected to cooperate in the reconstruction of post-war Europe. Ideological rivalry was super important in whether the members of Grand Alliance trusted or grew uttermost(prenominal) suspicions on each other by 1945, as it was an inner-deep layer of foundation which hidden their capitalism and communism ideology differences.The long t erm effect of mistrust and suspicion had only been waiting underneath the layer of the foundations to be exposed, through their close proximity of being allies with one another. Thats when their differences and strains come to light. Dissimilarities in the Grand Alliance were fundamentally being reflected on their ideological differences in their economic and political state. Therefore, creating a complete contrast in competing aims and ambitions in post-war Europe between capitalist West and communist Soviet Union.

Cultural Hybrids Essay

There atomic number 18 many lot from different countries with different nuances who want to live the American Dream. They want the topic of freedom and they feel t get into United States is the only country in the universe of discourse who can give the people the liberty it offers. The flavor of a soulfulness whom no unrivaled speaks with because of angiotensin-converting enzymes difference can be quite miserable. The story This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona by Sherman Alexie shows the listening how different the life of primal Americans are compared to youthful day Americans. end-to-end the story, details about events that happened in succeeder and doubting doubting Thomass life which combines the Indian and American side of their heritage were given. Alexie was trying to tell the readers how the Indians in the substitutes want to hybridize their indwelling American and young American culture. Since Thomas and Victor both grew up in the reservation, they s ee a big difference their lives are compared to the modern day Americans. The first detail that illustrates my dissertation was the Fourth of July celebration when Victor and Thomas were kids.Thomas states, Its impertinent how us Indians celebrate the Fourth of July. It aint like it was our freedom e trulybody was fighting for (16). Alexie displays how Indians try to act to a greater extent Americanized in order to run low in better with the modern American crowd. Back then, no one besides their own might have spoken to them because they were different so they want to be accepted. For example, the event when they were in the airport and had talked to the gymnast, Victor says, Everybody negotiation to everybody on airplanes.Its too bad we cant invariably be that mood (19). Alexie sends the readers a message of how in their minds, the only soulal manner that they were going to be liked was by forgetting their Native American culture and acting more like the modern Americans. A nother factor the cause provides the audience of this hybridization was through the remains of Victors father. Alexie writes, They preen him down carefully behind the s tuckers, put a cowboy hat on the wooden box and a Dodgers cap on the composition board box. Thats the mode it was supposed to be (20).The cowboy hat displays the Indian side of their heritage and the Dodgers cap conveys the American side. In this situation, Alexie provides a fool view of how the characters combine their twain different cultures. It is not the fact that they are forgetting the beliefs they grew up with they blend the two cultures together to better their lives in both nation. Next was the Spokane falls incident with Thomas and Victors father. Thomas utters, He drove me over to Dennys, bought me dinner, and then drove me photographic plate to the reservation (20). Dennys is an American fast food restaurant.The way Alexie combines the fact that they eat at a modern American restaurant and then g oes home to the reservation once again shows the mixture of the two customs. In accession to the modern American cultures, Alexie also shows how Victor and Thomas h grey-headed on to their Native American heritage. When Thomas and Victor were kids, they had stolen a car and park it in front of the police station. Now in the modern days, if a kid was to do this, it would be a crime and the kid would be punished. Yet the turn out for this was the exact opposite. Instead of being scolded, everyone cheers You were very brave. Very brave (17).They even thought of themselves as warriors. Moreover, the fact that they console speak each other junior also shows a way they keep their tradition alive as Native Americans. Nowadays, people do not often call each other with respect. They just call a person by their name no press the age. The Native Americans, on the other hand, gives the people who are older a stipulation that shows respect. Thomas states, Everybody on this reservation is na med Junior (17). Victor and Thomas were two of the youngest people that live in the reservations therefore everyone to them are called Junior. It is a symbolisation for elderly.Alexie uses Victor and Thomas Builds-the-fire as the representation of these two cultures. Thomas is the person who sticks to the old fashioned, Native American values while Victor illustrates the modern day Americans and wanting to fit in. Thomas is more traditional. He demonstrates the old Native American beliefs. Victor, on the other hand, lives in the present. Both holds on to their Native American beliefs while also trying to grasp the modern American traditions. Alexie clearly represented the hardships the Native Americans have had living in the poor reservations by using details about Thomas and Victors life growing up.Being judged at by the way a person is or what culture they came from is a big reason why Victor and Thomas, but mostly Victor, try to act more like the modern day Americans. Although s ome traditions were forgotten as they grew up, in many ways, they still held on to the fact that they are still Native Americans. Some events in their life displays Victor and Thomas turning outside from their culture but still is able to remember it. No matter where a person is or who they communicate with, a culture one grew up with can never be easily forgotten.

Food and Agricultural challenges Essay

forage is our bodys provoke and without fuel it will be shut d knowledge fodder is indeed the philosophers st iodine of life. intellectual nourishment, presently, has bend iodine amongst the most common and imperative submits of a living macrocosm along with shelter and clothing. In former(a) contrives, it has bef in wholeen to be one of the most common postulate of a living being. As tribe improved their standard of living, they resort to soreer abridge in victuals overly. sustenance is now a factor that decides the status of a person. . When did the betoken for regimen really begin ?It is unanswer fitted. Probably, it may be since the emergence of the earlyish man. The early man ate takingss and threw their seeds off. When they saw the seeds germinate into plants, they decided to gelt husbandry which at that time was sightly to raise seeds. This, happened close thousands of days ago and land that took birth. As a head, this brought about swell changes in the socio sparing retard of the Homo sapiens. It was one of the most remarkable incidents in the history of human being.Thus, began the quest for forage via agriculture. Generation by generation, late technologies and agencyrn methods were evolved. Today, we assimilate the most sophisticated technologies for breach nourishment labor. gardening was the key growth in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby gardening of domesticated species created surpl habits of various resources that nurtured the instruction of civilization and so was viands. The human ground fodder to be a component that kept them vigorous, free from diseases, prompt and intelligent.They disc everywhereed that it helped in the growth and development of all living beings. sluicetually, they bring a lot oft accepts for intellectual nourishment. Consequently, to a prominenter extent(prenominal) and more people began to indulge in agriculture and at that placeby increase the product to digest the needs of quickly growing nation. Very soon, various branches of agriculture evolved handle the horticulture art and science of growing fruits, flowers and ornamental plants , animal husbandry 1 As historic period passed, the race grew tremendously.The people hightail itd towards the assistance of applied science to augment their achievement as human effort alone could not meet the needs of forage to feast the stainless population. As the proficient assistance helped farmers produce a considerably ripe yield from a limited portion of discharge, more and more land got occupied by industries and separate factories. Farming began to be considered as a below fair job and youth got recruitment in industries.The bena of agriculture got worn down as they were able to produce the enough nutriment from the available land resources. The present day poverty and hunger be primarily receivable to the neglect of agriculture. Unless, agriculture is to be considered as a white tierce job, we atomic number 18 no longer going to get rid of these amazing hitches. It is high time to reconsider the potentials of agriculture, which supports the majority of the population.The lieu has come that we bring on to promote sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture involves the successful management of hoidenish resources to satisfy human needs while maintaining or enhancing milieual musical note and con sh ar natural resources for future generations. By the form 2015, the orb population is prognosticate to reach about 9 billion people about one third wideer than that of today. Therefore, there is greater demand for agriculture and thereby nutrient outturn too. When we speak about sustenance intersection and nourishment manipulation, it is necessarily authoritative that we must know its present course of studys . . . . . . II. Objectives and Methodology The next ar the objectives of our research We accomplished o ur research mainly to satisfy the next rationales To be acquainted with the present day forage production and inlet lines of people To learn about the latest technologies involved in the pabulum and agriculture systems To study the various somber and solemn problems go about by our farmers / agriculturists 2 To discover roots to their problems To give an awargonness to the world about the immensity of agriculture in this highly competitive and technological world To win youth to get into the field of agricultureTo try to bring a respectful position for the farmers / agriculturists in the ships company Selection of students for Young Scientists course We were selected by delegacy of three selection rounds namely1. Poster intromission2. put report presentation3. Model DemonstrationSoon after the three selection exploites, 55 students were crowned as the Young Scientists. We were divided into five squads and we, the Maroon group members were willd with the theme top ic fodder production and Food uptake. The topic was further divided into sub topics and they were distri scarcelyed to our team members. We conducted reference works and researches on the presumption topics and for further clarifications and to make the other team mates aw be of each research topic, we had team meets where in we were supposed to adopt telling discussion.Thus, each and e real give the sackdi interpret of our team was accessed to the undeniable information about the research topic. We til now had field visits standardized the visit to the Sundaram Organic Farm, the Horticulture Research Station, SKM Egg Products India Private Limited etc which inculcated in us more knowledge about our theme topic.We worked as a team, as a family . . . . .3 III. Food Production and employment trends in Indiai. Food production trends reality population has increased over the antediluvian 10 stratums by 760 million or more, which is equal to adding the feature population of Africa and South America. By 2025 it is anticipate that global population is expected to reach around 9Billion. Food has to be produced in co spillageal quantities to give the broad(a) population. Food production/capita has declined since 1971 in the world.Here, arises the problem of nourishment production. The solid aliment impress obsolete engine room ,more pests & deoxyadenosine monophosphatediseases urbanization& (migration of country-bred labourers to urban),high labour cost, government agro policy being ridiculous & unfocussed. The diet for thought production trends start out changed so widely since the Egyptian civilization. Egyptians found that agriculture eject prosper however with good water supply come forth / irrigation. Nile river condition was studied & river water irrigation was effectively planned & make exercising of.. The production trend even varies with respect to culture, traditional aspects, general aspects and the atomic num ber 18a under(a) cultivation. The productions trend widely varies from country to country, state to state, territorial dominion to district and even amidst communities. As a guide, there arose a problem of in fit production. ii. Green regeneration In the 1970,s the diet crisis was one of the major problems in our country as in many other countries. India was on its path to darkness. Lots of people died delinquent to starvation and millions were hush starving. The Central Food minister of that time, C.Subrahmaniam took initiative to find a solution to this deadly problem and the solution was later termed as Green Revolution. The fundament of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the increased recitation of fertilizers and better irrigation atomic number 18 known collectively as the Green Revolution, which provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food jots.( thereof improving agriculture in India.) interbreeding high-yielding wheat was f irst introduced to India in 1963 by Dr. Borlaug. Production of wheat was very good making India self sufficient in food.4 on with high yielding seeds and irrigation facilities, the enthusiasm of farmers mobilized the idea of verdant revolution and is give c arewise credited to M. S. Swaminathan and his team for having contributed towards the success of green revolution. As a result of this, the agriculture production in India saw great heights. Moreover, Green Revolution wish wellwise brought about various technological reforms. iii. Technological Development several(a) scientific and technological methods for increasing food production were evolved as a result of Green Revolution mechanization, effective irrigation, use of fertilizers, control of weeds, pests and biting louses, sensitive varieties of farm animals or high-yielding strains of grain, land reclamation, soil conservation, river turning point development, seemly repositing facilities, infrastructure developmen t etc . . . are near of the technologies.. As India saw development in the later ages, even the technologies got improved. India also experienced the establishments of agrarian structures standardized check dams, water shed tanks, rain water harvesting pits etc . . . which ensured better agricultural production..Technology is just changing the way that human beings exercise the machines from the previous ones, & implements to be more precise and less uneconomic in the use of fuel, seed, or fertilizer. In the foreseeable future, roughly agricultural machines will be capable of driving themselves, using GPS maps and electronic sensors. Even more esoteric are the new areas of nanotechnology and genetic engineering, where submicroscopic devices and biological processes, respectively, are being used as machines to perform agricultural tasks in unknown new ways.The future will also see the application of healthy hybrid varieties, GMO crops that are hale and hearty, organic metho ds that produces greater output, better irrigation systems etc . . As every good thing has an appalling visage, these technologies too had some advantages and disadvantages. iv. Advantages of advanced(a) TechnologiesIt was successful in brush a growing demand for food by the worlds population. Yields of primary crops such as rice and wheat increased dramatically. The price of food declined, the put of increase in crop yields generally keeps pace with population growth, and the number of people who go hungry to bed was slightly reduced5 The boost in food production has been due mainly to scientific advances and new technologies, including the development of new crop varieties The use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the construction of large irrigation systems helped the farmers increase their production It reduces time cosumption as it ensures effective management of crops in a shorter outcome of time Disadvantages of current technologies increase chances of unemployment as technological equipments batch do the work of 50 100 labours Evidence indicates, however, that excessive reliance on monoculture farming and agro industrial inputs, such as capital-intensive technology, pesticides, and chemic fertilizers, has negatively impact the environment and rural society.A number of ecological diseases have been associated with the intensification of food production by representation of latest technological methods Chemical fertilizers keister also become air pollutants, and have repennyly been implicated in the close of the ozone layer and in global warm Excessive use of technological equipments has also been linked to the acidification/salinization of soils and to a higher incidence of insect pests and diseases through mediation of negative nutritional changes in crop plants close of the present day technologies are prone to causing pollution land, water and air v. Food use of goods and services trendsThe agriculture and food sector figures cons picuously in this enterprise and must be given due enormousness in any consideration of the promotion of healthy diets for singulars and population groups. Food strategies must not merely be directed at ensuring food certification for all, but must also achieve the economic consumption of adequate quantities of invulnerable and good quality foods that together make up a healthy diet. Any recommendation to that effectwill have implications for all components in the food chain. It is therefore useful at this juncture to view trends in consumption mock ups worldwide and deliberate on the potential of the food and agriculture sector to meet the demands and challenges of the future. The food consumption trends in the ancient period were governed by the Hindu and Jain beliefs.As a result of this, Vegetarianism was the most prominent system during the ancient days. It was also partly under the surveillance of the Delhi and Mughal dynasties. Later, towards the medieval period, people learned to require what is needed and conduct the rest so that they could use them during periods of starvation. Therefore, the trend of the medieval period dour to be limited consumption. Presently, in the modern era, the consumption trends cannot be be be causal agent people knock down food not solo for health but for various other reasons too. The consumption trends of the majority of the population are also controlled by advertisements.The consumption trends are partly hereditary too. Most importantly, the consumption trends of the present day people are mainly to showcase their status. For example, the ones who consume copious food are given higher positions in the society and the rest are treated with lower dignity in the society. In short, the food consumption trends unlike food production trends vary even from person to person. With respect to each food distributor point, the consumption trend varies widely. The kilograms in which the food items are consumed determi ne the demand for the specific item thereby, expressing the trend of food consumption.From this, the consumption trends of the present day human society India are lucid and patent. 7 vi. Country Country variations The food consumption trend of the people varies from country to country. Changes in agricultural practice over the other(prenominal) 50 years have increased the worlds cogency to provide food for its people through increases in productivity, greater miscellanea of foods and less seasonal dependence. Food availability has also increased as a consequence of rising income levels and falling food prices. This has resulted in right smart changes in food consumption over the past 50 years in all the corners of the world i.e. from country to country. globular and regional per capita food consumption (kcal per capita per day) Region8 For instance, the consumption trends in India is as follows ( it is passing different from that of USA which ranks 1st ) vii. Link between Production and ConsumptionTo meet the forecasted consumption rates of the entire population of different countries, great tending has to be laid on food production. The food consumption trends depend on the mode of food production. If the food produces is sufficient to feed the population, then the people can adopt their own consumption trend while if it is not, then the people will have to change the mode of consumption in a way that will satisfy the entire population.Thus, the link between the food production and consumption is tightly shrink and will need great attention in the future when the population will be high and the food produced will not be sufficient to feed the entire population. If it is obligatory to ensure a safe and sound future, then it is as significant to bring stability and soundness in the food production and consumption trends of today. The present day mail service of the world cannot be understood. The farmer who is producing the food cannot fix the r ate of the food and the consumer who is consuming the food is also not able to fix the rate Is the present day food production and consumption producer controlled, consumer controlled or trader controlled ? Combination of all the three . . . .V. Production, Procurement and dissemination constraints However, contempt all these trends in food production and consumption, there are authentic dilemma and constraints with respect to production, procurement and dispersal that have to be given more attention.i. Food production constraints Improvement solutions are to be resorted by tackling together the problems associated with population growth and food production. A review of the problems of rapid population growth and declining food production and suggestions for resolution are given. World population has increased over the past 10 years by 760 million. Future increases are expected to bring total population to 9 billion by the year 2014 and 16 billion in 2025 (exponential increa ses). Food production/capita has declined since 1971 in the world in the recent past. The food production problem is technical, environmental, social, political, and economic. Food grain production in India(2009-2010) 234Mn tonnes Per capita food grain produced 193Kg/yearFood grain production growth (in phase with population growth) 5.5Mntonnes/year Suggestions for increasing the food grain production irrigation, use of fertilizers, &use of Botanical Pesticides control of weeds and insects, new varieties of farm animals or high-yielding strains of grain, land reclamation, mechanization soil conservation, ,Most Efficient water management river basin development, adequate storage facilities, infrastructure development, Birth control.Crop rotation, Organic farming, mix cropping Co-operate farming (supply ,operation &maintenance of agricultural machinery equipments) Few Environmental problems which need urgent attention. soil erosion from mechanization, accumulation of DDT in f ood and water and animal life from pesticide use, and Water pollution from chemical fertilizers.Increased frequency & intensity of drought &flooding temper change affects Rice &wheat productionNew pattern of pests &diseasesFood production can be increased with more ecologically sound practices. Information about brave out and weather fortune telling allows for more suitable land management. Shifting cultivation and land advance systems should involve conservation farming techniques. Organic manures and appropriate use of chemical fertilizers can raise soil fertility. Even if the production becomes stable, there lies a lot of problems in the next stage procurement. ii. urban Market Facilities and cautionPublic mart places have burned down throughout the world over the last few years because of inadequate structures and maintenance, poor management, fire-hazard practices or to draw traders into new markets. These blows to the local economy have important financial implications for minute traders and entrepreneurs as well as consumers. Existing market spaces and facilities are oftentimes insufficient in developing countries and countries in transition. Consequently, many food traders exact roads around markets. Urban markets are normally seen as a source of revenue to local town coffers, but those funds are often not reinvested in infrastructure maintenance and better services. This premises to traders smack that market taxes are not justified and to unrest when rates are increased.Cold-storage facilities are usually insufficient and rent is often high. The few cold-storage populate built by market managers are often inefficient,. Perishable food products, therefore, deteriorate rapidly.Public markets inadequacy professional management and its continuity. Market authorities have insufficient skilled personnel and are unable to enforce regulations. Consequently, traffic in public markets becomes more difficult and, therefore, costly. 11 iii. Food retailWith respect to procurement and distribution, food retailing and food retail markets can be of great assistance in the modern era though it has not become more effective in India.Middle and high-income consumers shop at supermarkets while low-income consumers, who can spend as much as 80 percent of their income on food, go to local shops, to market places near their homes or buy from street vendors.Public retail markets have not expand rapidly enough in newly urbanized areas and be markets have been unable to accommodate the increasing number of retailers. Lack of space or new market opportunities in satellite city districts are thus the cause of spontaneous markets which fill an important gap in the distribution chain. However, their unplanned nature may create traffic, health and environmental problems. iv. Urban Markets Hygiene, Health, Security and the Environment Since there is lack of private investments and public contribution, the markets of India lack hygi ene, health and other basic requirements.Though, the government has taken effective measures, there is no much development in this situation. Market authorities usually guarantee cleaning inside the markets, but this is rarely adequate. Toilet facilities are rare and seldom properly cleaned. Water points, drainpipe and sewage are usually insufficient. Inadequate lighting in markets exposes users to appendixal risks and increases the likelihood of theft. The wobbly hygiene conditions of established and spontaneous markets, the increasing quantities of barbarian, and the growing number of Lorries required for food transport, have an adverse impact on the environment, as they vitiate air and water, increase noise and nemesisen public health. v. Public Distribution System (PDS)Public Distribution System (PDS) is an Indian food security system. Established by the Government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution and managed conjointly with state g overnments in India, it distributes subsidized food and non-food items to Indias poor.12 major commodities distributed include staple food grains, such as wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene, through a network of Public distribution shops, also known as limit shops established in several states crossways the country. Food Corporation of India, a Government-owned corporation, procures and maintains the Public Distribution System.In terms of both coverage and public expenditure, it is considered to be the most important food security network. However, the food grains supplied by the ration shops are not enough to meet the consumption needs of the poor or are of inferior quality. The average level of consumption of PDS grains in India is only 1 kg per person / month. The PDS has been criticized for its urban turn and its failure to serve the poorer sections of the population effectively. The targeted PDS is costly and gives rise to much putrefaction in the process of extricating the poor from those who are less needy.Today, India has the largest stock of grain in the world besides China, the government spends Rs. 750 billion ($13.6 billion) per year, almost 1 percent of gross domestic product, yet 21% remain undernourished. Distribution of food grains to poor people throughout the country is managed by state governments. As of date there are about 4.99 lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS) across India. The food distribution in India is not effective. It has lot of drawbacks when compared to the distribution systems of the true countries. The food distribution system in India is as follows 13 VI. Food Wastage i. Food Wastage an introduction Food redundancy or food loss is the food that is discarded or lost, uneaten. As of 2011, billion tons of food, about one third of the global food production, is lost or languish annually. Loss and wastage occurs on all move in the food supply chain. In low-income countries, most loss occurs during production, while in develope d countries much food about 100 kilograms (220 lb) per person and year is wasted at the consumption stage. In terms of production, the food wastage may occur in various stages.Research found that food grain waste occurs mainly in the beginning of production, transportation & distribution, storage system, preparation food,(cooking), serving & after consumption(throwing away the unconsumed)From planting, crops can be subjected to pest infestations and grueling weather, which cause losses before the harvest part of a crop. In India, the wastage in food grain &cooked food is intolerably high..some(a) of the major causes of this food wastage are improper storage facilities, lack of effective transport systems, lack of refrigerated transport vehicles, ill maintained roads, round of pests and rodents, lack of initiative of the public, lack of awareness, insufficient technological assistance, lack of delivery techniques and a lot more . . . . The food wastage problem of today s India needs immediate attention and has to be paid more attention to ensure minimal wastage in the coming years. ii. Management of Food waste ReductionA quantity of wheat required by the entire production of Australia is wasted each year in India, according to a new report on global food wastage. At to the lowest degree 40% of all fruit and vegetables are lost in India between the grower and consumer due to lack of refrigerated transport, poor roads, inclement weather and corruption. Therefore, the best way to get rid of wastes is to minimize the wastage by ourselves. However, some of the waste reduction management techniques are given below The aliment of food scraps to animals is, historically, the most common way of dealing with kinsperson food wasteVermi composting is the practice of feeding scraps food waste to worms who produce soil as a byproduct food waste can be dumped, but it can also be federal official to animals, or it can be biodegraded by composting or anaerobi c digestion, and reused to meliorate soil Food waste coming through the sanitary sewers from drool disposal units is treated along with other sewage and contributes to sludge which in turn is used in biogas plants In any function, food is to be served to the requirementMoreover food waste can also be recycled to produce various substances like paper, packaging natural etc.. . Campaigns and awareness programmes like LOVE FOOD, HATE WASTE must be encouraged so as to make the public aware of the importance of food and the consequences of cachexy food. Let us join hand to foresee a world that doesnt waste food. VII. Food deliverance and Food Packagingi. Food preservation a brief overviewPreservation usually involves retarding the growth of bacteria, kingdom Fungi (such as yeasts), and other micro-organisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria, or fungi to the food), as well as retarding the oxidation of fats which cause rancidity. Food preservation can als o include processes which inhibit visual deterioration, such as the enzymatic browning reaction in apples after they are cut, which can occur during food preparation. Many processes designed to preserve food will involve a number of food preservation methods.Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, and sealing within an airtight jar (to prevent recontamination). There are many traditional methods of preserving food that limit the capacity inputs and reduce carbon footprint. Maintaining or creating nutritional value, texture and flavour is an important aspect of food preservation, although, historically, some methods drastically altered the character of the food being preserved. ii. Principles of Food preservationPreservation of a variety of food items, whatever the method maybe, is based on the following principles 15 ginmill or Delay of Microbial Decomposition of fooda. By memory out micro organisms asepsis b. By removal of micro organisms by means of filtrationc. By hinderin g their growth and activity throughDrying methods accompaniment of chemicals not recommendedPrevention or Delay of Self Decomposition of fooda. goal of food enzymesb. Inactivation of food enzymesThus, it is concluded that the main accept of food preservation is to inhibit either the microbial or self decomposition of food items. Food preservation involves the application of various methods that work on these principles. iii. Food Preservation MethodsThere are various methods that can be applied over food items for its long term preservation. The main aim of food preservation is to increase the shelf life of the food item subjected to these preservation methods. However, a food item cannot undergo all the preservation techniques. The technique for each item is chosen with respect to the pH of the food and various other chemical factors. Some of the most accomplished food preservation techniques are RefrigerationVacuum packingSalting or CuringSmokingAdding food additivesiv. Food pac kagingPackagingThe word PACKAGING means to cover the physical property of a clobber to prevent it from its enemies. 16 Food packagingFood packaging means to pack the food to prevent it from enemies, decaying and microbes. Food packaging can be done to food items with the help of packaging materials. Most of the food items are specific to certainmaterials and it is decided with attention to their chemical and physical properties. Types of food packaging materialsv. rank AdditionValue added agriculture is a process of increasing the economic value and consumer appeal of an agricultural commodity. It is a production/marketing strategy driven by customer needs and preferences. Value added is used to characterize food products that are converted from raw product through processes that give the resulting product an incremental value in the market place. An incremental value is realized from either higher price or expanded market. For example, jams, cheeses, and pre cooked meats are co nsidered value added products.Importance of value added productsFinancial upbeat A value added agricultural product may have more market value than any other commodity Helps meet the changing preferences and interests of the public Possesses better quality, nutrition, convenience, safety, health, variety, price, social and environmental acceptance etc . . . Value addition has become one of the major trends in the field of agriculture. It has brought about great changes in the mode of consumption of the public. Despite all these technologies, there are certain problems faced by the farmers and agriculturists.VIII. Problems faced by Agriculturists and Farmers i. Major problems faced by Agriculturists and Farmers The major problems confronting Indian agriculture are those of population obligate, keen holdings, depleted soils, lack of modern technology and poor(quality and numbers) facilities for storage. Population pressurePopulation increase & hence dwelling area are needed m ore .Therefore the area for cultivation becomes decreased. In country like Japan hill slopes have been cut into terraces for cultivation Small and break Land HoldingsThe pressure of increasing population and the practice of dividing land equally among the heirs has caused excessive sub divisions of farm holdings. Consequently, the holdings are small and fragmented. The small surface of holdings makes farming activity uneconomical and leads to social tension, violence and discontentment. Inadequate Irrigation FacilitiesBy and large the irrigation facilities available in India are far from adequate. So for fractional of the total area under food crops has been brought under irrigation and the remaining half(a) is left to the mercy of monsoon rains which are erratic in time and space. downcast SoilsIndian soils have been used for growing crops for thousands of years which have resulted in the depletion of soil fertility. With deforestation the sources of maintaining natural fertil ity of soil has been drying out. Lack of material resources and ignorance of scientific knowledge have further depleted the soils of the natural fertility. preferably only animal waste was enough to maintain soil fertility. storehouse of food grainsStorage of food grains is a big problem in India. Nearly 10 per cent of our harvest goes waste every year in the absence of proper storage facilities. This colossal wastage can be avoided by developing scientific ware-housing facilities. The government has taken several steps to provide storage facilities in the form of private storage go downs. Moreover, Government support & guidance for Agricultural product exportation has become very poor &corruptive system. Farm ImplementsAlthough some mechanization of farming has taken place in some split of the country, most of the farmers are poor (in knowledge& finance) and do not purchase modern farm implements and tools. This hampers the development of agriculture. ii. Minor problems faced by Agriculturists and Farmers Indian agriculture is a gamble of monsoons. Monsoons are irregular unequally distributed and uncertain. It exerts a very unfavourable influence on agriculture.The serious drainpipe problem caused by the increased construction of roads, railways and canals disturbed the natural drainage system by checking the normal flow of rain water and bringing heavy floods. This result in large scale damage to crop. Global climatic changes affect agriculturist and farmers through their direct and indirect do on the crops, soils, livestock and pests. The over cropping in a land leads to the enfeeblement of soils. Declining trend is seen in the productivity of the land.Exploitation of land with excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides leads to land fertility degradation. The land under cultivation of food grains has been declining due to construction of industries and residential building etc. There is inefficient water management.In order to withstand the global competition India has to use its great potential of market-gardening by adopting modern technologies in farming. iii locomote taken by the government and other organizations Subsidized five per cent interest rate on crop loans on timely quittance Initiated discussion session on topics that both help farmers to understand their existing situation and identify their opportunities and constraints Encouraged farmers to think of ways to improve their own marketing Laid focus on practical issues intentiond audio-visual presentations during farmers meeting sessions organized by the government Used traders and others to inform farmers about how the market works Ensured that farmers are able to make a comparatively good produce Provided farmers with the information they need about various agricultural practicesRegardless of the implementation of various measures and steps, problems still exist in the case of food preservation. Problems affect the production, proc urement and exportation have been solved to a great extent. It is food preservation that needs a lot of attention in this era. IX. young Technologies in Food and Agriculturei. Technologies in Food preservationThe modern technologies involved in food preservation are Pulsed Electric scope Electroporation higher(prenominal) Pressure Food Preservation.Hurdle technology Pulsed Electric region ElectroporationPulsed electric field (PEF) electroporation is a method for processing cells by means of brief pulses of a strong electric field. PEF holds potential as a type of low temperature alternative pasteurization process for sterilizing food products. PEF for food processing is a developing technology still being researched. High pressure Food preservationHigh pressure food preservation or pascalization refers to the use of a food preservation technique which makes use of high pressure. Pressed inside a vessel exerting 70,000 pounds per square butt (480 MPa) or more, food can be process ed so that it retains its hot appearance, flavour, texture and nutrients while disabling harmful microorganisms and slowing spoilage. Hurdle technologyHurdle technology is a method of ensuring that pathogens in food products can be eliminated or controlled by combining more than one approach. These approaches can be thought of as hurdles the pathogen has to overcome if it is to remain industrious in the food. The right combination of hurdles can ensure all pathogens are eliminated or rendered harmless in the final product. As a result of these modern food production, procurement and preservation techniques, the environment is being degraded to a great extent. Moreover, the environment too is not so cooperative with agriculture. It provides a lot of hurdles that agriculture is not able to prosper very effectively today. X. Environmental Consequencesi. Consequences caused to the environment from agriculture young Agricultural practices use a lot of chemical fertilizers and pesticid es. They are rich in nitrates and phosphates. Once they are sprayed over the plants, they get suspended in the soil. When they are subjected to rainfall, they get drone away into water bodies. They then cause Eutrophication. These depositions of nitrates and phosphates may lead to the growth of algae on the surface of the water. They habituate the maximum oxygen in the water thus creating a situation wherein there is loss of marine life.This situation is known as eutrophication. other(a) consequences are pollution the technical devices used in food production may initiate harmful emissions of gases causing pollution and the rise of condition Biological Oxygen Demand . It is said As you sow, so shall you garner. As modern agricultural methods are causing great deteriorations to the environment, the environment in turn is not supportive to agricultural practices. ii. Consequences caused to agriculture by the environmentSoil is a dynamic living matrix that is an essential part o f the terrestrial ecosystem. It is a critical resource not only to agriculture production and food security but also not to the maintenance of most live processes. This soil is getting deteriorated day by day, so is agriculture. Agriculture accounts for 70% of all water use. Water resources are depleting at a faster rate with water table falling worldwide.The global environmental outlook report says that, if the present water consumption pattern continues, two out of every three persons on estate will live in water stressed conditions by the year 2025. In such a condition, when the water resources are fast depleting, agriculture too become a depleting practice. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to mode change and its impact is great(p) global food security.Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on climate change and conditions impact agriculture. Thus, as the present situation continues, the environment gets degraded more and more creating climate imbalance. A s a result, the agricultural practices also foresees descent. Therefore, the environment too is a threat to agriculture today. In spite of all these threatening reasons, man still is moving towards industrialization and is degrading the environment without remunerative enough attention towards agriculture. XI. industrialisation and AgricultureIndustry is the production of an economic good or service within an economy. The industrialisation that took place in Europe in the late 18th century brought about great socio economic changes in the world. Even today, the most advanced technologies that we experience are a result of this industrialization. However, this process also brought with it certain ill effects. It popularized industries and make agricultural practices face a downfall. . 22It is transparent from this that both the GDP and the growth of agricultural sectors have both experienced serious downfall in the past fifty years. Unless this situation is treated with the approp riate solution, this execrable condition cannot be overcome. As it continues, the public may have to move towards greener methods in the future. i. Recent Issues1. The Pepsi project Issue which has become a threat to the Punjab agricultural practices. Diversification of agriculture has become the main aim of the Pepsi Project . 2. The ONGC Cauvery Oil Asset industry that created oil spills in the field which lead to large scale destruction of crop fields and also the devastation of the paddy fields that surrounded the leaking pipelines of this industry. 3. The MESCO and Jindal steel plants, established in Orissa have turned against the existing agricultural practices. Their establishments have accounted for large scale destruction measures like deforestation and the illegal use of agricultural lands and forests.These issues have become a real threat to the world. Though, the agricultural produce is not sufficient to feed the entire population, people are moving towards industri es and urban jobs sort of than concentrating on agricultural activities which is the scope of future. Since people are not create from raw stuff to change their attitude, it is necessary to have a balanced industrialization for the progress of agriculture. 23 ii. Balanced Industrialization for the betterment of Agriculture Industrialization and Agriculture must go hand in hand for the betterment of our country. Industrialization should be practiced in such a way that thereare no adverse effects on the agricultural practices. At the same time, it is necessary that scientific advances of the industries should have the potentials to bring about agro ecosystems.XII. Our federal agencyApart from these industrial measures and other preventive measures, it is obligatory that each individual has to contribute to the betterment of our nation in one or the other way. We must furnish the public with a better understanding of the complexity of the present day agricultural systems We must d evelop a need to address both food consumption and production We must provide the essential knowledge and innovation through cross-sectoral approaches We must explore new ways of policy coordinationWe must motivate the educated ones so as to involve them in agriculture We must initiate awareness programmes as a result of which the farmers would become knowledgeable about the modern technologies in food production and food preservation We must join hands to build up a brighter and greener INDIAXIII. Conclusion Developed India is possible only if the agriculture is developed But Prosperous India is possible only if the agricultural sectors are improved. & sustained along with industrial growth . . Use less & less resources to achive more & more productivity. Industrialisation &agriculture fields should support mutually without degrading our eco system. The potential future of mankind is not outside his control, but well with in his boundary. Taking care of rights of futu re generations, let us use/consume carefully all types of resources given by the nature.As Young Scientists, lets take an oath to produce good food, consume just adequate food, waste nil food and store the balance food for the future/future generations. . .XIV. Referenceswww.wiki.orgwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.govwww.foodnavigator.asia.comBritannica Encyclopedia, F Series Food Green technologies in food production, pg no 149, 2012 edition author Joyce.I.Boye www.wattagnwt.comwww.meattradenewsdaily.comwww.newsonair.com

Company G’s Three Year Marketing Plan Marketing plan Essay

distinguish with Gs develops electronic appliances based on actual technology. The merchandise casts exemplify the st sendgies employed and commercialise segment to assign crude consumers and create solid financial benefits while retaining the existing nodes. Gs lodge is a unique electronic appliance developer which gives an utility over the competitors by exposing he customers to a late outlet of electronic appliances. This fulfills the real take away of the competent electronic appliance developer and expands the social clubs reach to populations who waste no yet subscribed for our point of intersections.The follow leave fund the randomness of the electronic appliances by provision of consultation suffices for retailers resulting to subroutine harvests for promotional services. The consultations impart come up with advertizing sponsorship for the play along. In the initial 3 years of the bloodline, we expect consultation services to form erupt of our rev enue stream.MissionWe change consumers to improve the tonus and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions. increase DescriptionThe first product of micro-cooks ordain come in three different sizes compact, medium and big(p) capacity cooks. The young line nukes leave alone help the power designers and low noise amplifiers to curve the design cycles as well as becoming consumer friendly with marginal environmental impact and energy saving. Furthermore, the demands of our customers in microwaves be based on quality products and convenience. Besides, the familiarity allow employ effective dissemination take intertwined with online purchasing. We hope this leave behind make the companionship derive its mission home. contrivance products Compact microwave ovenThis get out be a small, portable microwave available for the customers. Compacts atomic number 18 the dominant microwaves in the food market today. Ours will peak 18 inches wide and 14 inches long and 12 inches tall. Compact ovens will be rated as 700 watts of power and capacitate 27 liters. The compact ovens will primarily be used for reheating food and preparing microwave popcorn and food. They are non do to cook large meals. Compact products will be harm convenient hence the consumers will spend minimal epoch to compare delinquent to our gull prestige.Shopping point of intersections Medium Capacity MicrowaveThese microwave products a larger than compact microwaves. They will measure 20 inches wide, with the same length and height to the compact microwaves. They will carry 45 liters and run-up to 1000 watts. They will be the standard family microwaves with added grills and a a couple of(prenominal) features. These microwaves will marking those who want to do home readiness, essential, a developing family. The connection market analysis reveals that capacity microwaves are less purchased and are bound to stay in the warehouse for a long metre . curiosity Products Large Capacity MicrowaveThey will be the large formulation microwaves for preparing large meals. Their capacity will handle (9 by 13 inch) cooking tall items like roasts and casserole dishes. They will seduce an auto look with nice temperature control measures. The large capacity ovens will be powered by 2000 watts and contain 60 liters of capacity. With the uniqueness, the bargainers are expected to expend ample time balancing the labour of purchase. However, the company marker prestige will enable the consumers to choose our products.Target MarketsDirect consumer markets with arrangements of successful licensing of products and services. The company learned that the repress of direct consumers have increased in the market. We hope for senior higher gross sales in the direct consumer markets with increased demand. The number of families has grown and the demand of the microwave has aloso grown in the market. Therefore, the compact and medium microwaves target areas the increased number of families and singles.Nonmanufacturing and unindustrialized segments of the clientele to transaction market with customer networks such as hotels, family homes and institutions. The large capacity and medium capacity microwaves have make prestige and that fits the disposition and lifestyle of the customers. With the new line of microwave products, the consumers will make purchases due to the technological advances of the products.Large company and stand-alone retail companies with extensive dealer, broker or distri saveion network. fraternity Gs market brand will enable opposite like-minded microwave companies to purchase our products for re-sale. The brand prestige fulfills their needs from the feedback of the consumers.Competition AnalysisRisk of Entry by Potential CompetitorsThe market forecasts predict that the products of the company are likely to circle in the market faster than imagined. With many people buying the electronic app liances, the market may experience new entrants given the prevailing opportunity. This will increase the capacity of the industry and lead to stiff market aspiration hence lower the current costs. Given that the existent economic, governmental, cost advantage and brand loyalty barriers, the company is pick outimistic of controlling the market division even if new companies join the business.Rivalry among Current CompetitorsThe electronic business has attracted many companies which have led for the struggle of the market share surrounded by Gs and the competitors. The cut up-throat competition in the market leads to low-profit margins as the low-income consumers opt for a cheaper product in the market. Based on the presence of world(a) customers, growth rate of the industry and demand conditions of the product, the company operates optimistically compared to former(a) competitors with un positd establishment factors of brand.Bargaining Power of the BuyersThe power of the consume rs or distributors to buy down the prices of the products poses a higher competition for the company. The company has established the target consumers to be high and middle-income earners. This population is usually driven by the quality of the products the company offers as opposed to the high prices charged. The high-income earners do not salute a high bargaining power as compared to their lower income earner counterparts. The industry will maintain the prices and try reducing the cost of doing to maximize on their profit margins. The high-income and middle-income earners have the required information on our products and will emphasize on the quality of the products.Bargaining Power of SuppliersThe suppliers of the company are on alert of increasing their bargaining power. Provided the high-quality of the products, the raw materials in addition come at a high price. The supplies, in that respectfore, finds it unreasonable to increase their prices due to fixed prices. The onl y threat is the uniqueness of the products of the suppliers. They have a high cost of switching because of the basic need of their products.Threat of Substitute ProductsThe company identified high-income and middle- income earners as their competent consumers. Provided the high-quality products, it is the pride of the company since customer blessedness is guaranteed. The substitutes such as the saucepan, stoves and other microwaves such as Flavor microwave are technology unconscious hence the company maintains its prices for greater profits. overdress AnalysisStrengthsValue pricing high quality, market orientation and backup services and product customizationLong-term relationships with primary suppliers exalted percentage of rank business Weaknesseslittle room for expansionlack of employee talent heedscarce human resourceopportunities strategical alliancesTechnological advancesEasy distribution ThreatsSlow diffusion rate of applianceAlteration of traditional telephone line rel ationshipsCompetitionStrengthsCore Competency StrengthsThe high percentage of reorder business implies customer joy and promising word of mouth advertisementHigh quality innovative product- brand prestige.Other StrengthsThe long-term relationships with the primary suppliers have led to the knowledge share of product adherence to quality standards, need and a common mission through-out the production and training process.The differentiation dodging as a result of commitment to, value pricing, high quality, market orientation and support services and product customizationWeaknessesHuman resource management of the company predicaments in the near future. This is because, with the brand prestige, the company is likely to expand, however, in that location are limit qualified employees such as engineers in the bloodline market.Company Gs current facilities are crowded there is little room for extra employees or new equipment for expansion of the business. wish of management of t he employee talent that requires the company to create a department for nurturing the talents, this requires additional financial muscles the company may not afford any soon.OpportunitiesStrategic alliances that enhance the products of the company that will allow production of a incalculable of new products, sharing of resources and increase the customer base.Technological advances have freed up time for consumers as well as bringing efficiency in product promotion and all product enquiriesThe medium and compact microwaves are easily distributed locally, nationally and globally. Business globalization creates an opportunity for new customer relationship establishment in foreign markets.ThreatsSlow diffusion rate of appliance may affect the sales return of the new products leading to low profits and low growth rate.Reengineering, outsourcing and resizing trends in product development may alter traditional channel relationships with dealers, brokers and distributors of eliminate the m completely.Theft of brand piracy and trade secrets through unauthorized copying are touchy to control leading to unsecured branding.Competition from traditional microwave producers and other promotional items is strong. This poses a challenge to equaliseing the cost demands of production.Marketing ObjectivesProduct ObjectiveTo commit to service and quality products to effectively implement the nook differentiation dodge in the diverse market beat. The objective is a obvious and hard-nosed to the company mission that will assist company Gs satisfy the customers.To improve the standard of the products the company offers now by incorporating the knowledge of the needs of customers and specific opportunities for offering the new products.To create new products that will use its new technology, equipment and knowledge base.Price ObjectiveTo aver the price of the new products and services to the customers. The objective is a distinct and realistic to the company mission that will assist company Gs satisfy the customers.To check the pricing of the competitors manufacturing microwavesTo use the pricing of the competitors research to meet price selling objectivesPlace ObjectiveTo define the most secured place of the new productsTo make a new product easily available to the consumers within 24 hours of manufacture using detailed distribution channels for easy access by the customers hence steering on the mission.To evaluate the degree of customer inter body process with the new products forward motion ObjectiveTo bear on simple research and analyze substitute products with the quarry of developing specialty advertising products that are technologically conscious, but not just schedule related.To better understand the satisf work on and needs of current customers through benchmarking on marketing research and company Gs marketing information system. The company will create a website summon immediately where customers will post their feedback on the produc ts.To use the product calendar as a promotional tool that will permit a microwave to the customers as advertisement premium.Marketing StrategyThe marketing strategy of Gs company is focused on satisfaction of the perspective market and current consumers by providing the best microwave appliances in the market. The target market share based on stick outed demand and put up is also of our interest. With over 10 years of experience in the market, the custody will provide the support needed by the customers to enable us meet our objectives. The knowledge and expertise from the employees from marketing and sales will provide the company with feedback for harmonizing the strategies based on the marketing objectives the company adopted.Distinct strategiesCompany Gs high quality products specialty product advertisement is customized to the needs of the consumers. The service and product value is reflected in the companys premium price. The company will be new to the elasticity of pric e of the products and overall demands of customers.Gs company will be sensitive to account for the place of new product distribution, product availability and the take aim of the consumer interaction with the microwaves.The company already had a brand that was well cognise by the customers. The brand prestige that focuses on the middle and high-income earners will be improved by producing the new sufficient products.Product StrategyGs company is committed to supplying affordable and quality sapient products to the customers.Company Gs intangible attributes is its ability to meet or exceed the consistency of customers expectations, its anticipation of new customer needs and its responding zip to the demands of customers. Such intangible attributes are difficult for the competitors to copy, hence giving the company a competitive advantage.Boosting the consumer confidence. Some consumers are often hesitant to buy the product they have little knowledge about. The marketing campaign will emphasis on the quality and value of the products which will result to additional cash registerPrice StrategyCompany Gs high quality products specialty product advertisement is customized to the needs of the consumers. The service and product value is reflected in the companys premium price. The company will be sensitive to the elasticity of price of the products and overall demands of customers.The companys new products have a prestige of high quality. The prices offered will account for warranties, endorsements and testimonials that will make the buying decision easier for the customer.The company will employ the trial and error method to fix the market prices, but remain flexible. The results of the new pricing initiative will be closely monitored to enable us expand the customer base.Place StrategyGs company will be sensitive to account for the place of new product distribution, product availability and the level of the consumer interaction with the microwaves.The company intends to be flexible on the supplies, distribution and customer interactions. Such practices will promote planning and meet the deadlines of product sales.The company already had a brand that was well known by the customers. The brand prestige that focuses on the middle and high-income earners will be improved by producing the new satisfactory products.Promotion StrategyApproximately 80 percent of the company reorders every year, so the bulk of promotional expenditures will focus on new product offerings through publications, journals and direct-email advertising.The stay promotional resources will be enjoin to personal selling of new products. This will enable the company cut on the costs and reduce wastage of financial and human resources.The company will conduct a campaign aimed at promoting a new product. To compass this, the company will create logos and names of products while remaining within the advertising budget.Tactics and march PlanGs company and the new products r equire extensive customization to not only meet but exceed the needs of the customers. It is, therefore, necessary to reorganize the customer groups and market function. The new marketing strategies intend permit the company to invest their effort on marketing exclusively on specifications and the needs of the customer segments.Product action planTactic Due Date Responsible partyDevelop marketing information system to monitor customer satisfaction by year two November 15th , 2014 Business Analysis groupImplement any changes implemented by the business analysis police squad November 15th , 2014 Business Analysis TeamDevelop new product offering with their potential customers November 15th , 2014 Production carriagePrice action planTactic Due Date Responsible troupe raise three sales manager positions November 1, 2014 chairpersonDevelop marketing information system to monitor price feedback January 15, 2015 Marketing DirectorEvaluate the advantageousness of the new product Febr uary 15, 2015 Business Analysis TeamPlace Action Plantactic Due Date Responsible Party pervade free samples or discounted microwaves to orphanage institutions November 15th ,2014 Sales Manager sum up direct sales through sales representatives kinfolk 1, 2014 Sales ManagerIncrease sales of the products to individuals and re-sellers kinsfolk 1, 2014 Sales ManagerPromotion action planTactic Due Date Responsible Party attribute 3 research team on potential new products offering and client October 1, 2014 Marketing DirectorAnalyze the current billing practices and cyclesSeptember 1, 2014 Marketing DirectorDesign customer survey project September 1, 2014 Business Analysis TeamMonitoring ProceduresTo evaluate the marketing plan effectiveness, the company will compare its actual performance with the objectives of the plans. The procedures include, however, not limited to the followingMonitoring Activity Due Date Responsible PartyThe use of project management concept procedure to evaluate marketing plan implementation through establishment of human resource needs, time, and budgetary expendituresNovember 15th, 2014 December 15th, 20114 yearly Business Analysis TeamEach project team will be responsible for determining the changes to be made in product focus from the result of studies from its area. The company will conduct internal audit to evaluate the activities.September 1, 2014 October 15th, 20114 every year PresidentA perceptual comparison of planned and actual activities will be conducted monthly through self assessment by the company business analysis team. Monthly Business Analysis TeamReferenceLuther, W. M. (2001). The marketing plan How to prepare and implement it. New York AMACOM.Source document