History of Aluminum Essay

Aluminum as a coat came to its existence totally 200 years ago. However, Dmitry Eskin far-famed that almost 2000 years ago, Pleny the Elder mentions a strange, light, and silvery metal in his Historia Naturalis which might indicate that atomic number 13 may have been discovered incidentally and then forgotten (Eskin 2008, p. 1). Citing the work of Pleny the Elder, Eskin puts it One day a princely smith in Rome was allowed to show the Emperor Tiberius a dinner party plate of a new metal. The plate was very light, and almost as bright as silver.The goldsmith told the Emperor that he had made the metal from plain clay. He also assured the Emperor that only he, himself, and the gods knew how to build up these metal from clay. The emperor felt immediately, however, that all his treasures of gold and silver would discipline in value if people started to produce this bright metal of clay. Therefore, alternatively of giving the goldsmith the regard expected, he ordered him to be deca pitated (p. 1).The existence of this young metal was established by an Englishman H.Davy in 1808 which he called aluminium, yet this name was later changed to Aluminum (USA). thusly, both aluminium (U. K. ) and aluminium continues to be employ to call this metal. Nevertheless, it was not until 1825 that pure atomic number 13 was extracted by the Dane N. C. Oerested, though actually, he was only able to produce tiny amounts.Eskin fileed break that between 1827 and 1845, the German F. Wohler developed the first address to produce aluminium powder by reacting potassium with anhydrous atomic number 13 chloride (p. ). It was also Wohler who stubborn some physical properties of aluminum such(prenominal) as its density which fit to Eskin, appeared to be the most remarkable characteristic of the new metal (p. 1). Citing the interpretation of Jules Verne about this newly discovered metal in his From the Earth to the synodic month in 1865, Verne wrote This valuable metal possess es the whiteness of silver, the indestructibility of gold, the tenacity of iron, the fusibility of copper, the lightness of glass.It is easy wrought, is very widely distributed, forming the base of most rocks, is three times lighting than iron, and seems to have been created for the purpose of furnishing us with the material for our projectile (p. 2) By 1854, a French chemist by the name of Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville improved the method utilize by Wohler which facilitated the aluminum commercial production that resulted to the dropping of exp stop overiture from around $1200 per kilogram in 1852 to just about forty dollars per kilogram in 1859.But aluminums price remained costly for voluminous use. not long when Charles Martin Hall discovered an inexpensive method for the aluminum production. bloody shame Bellis noted that extracting pure aluminum was not easy as it is never found free in nature. This worry made aluminum a precious metal during this period, but with M artin halls imposture of aluminum processor which was patented in 1888 had made aluminum process easy that brought aluminum price down to an even lower at eighteen cents a pound (Bellis, Mary).According to the American society for metals, aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earths glow (ASM, ASM International Handbook Committee 1990, p. 35) was a development of this century. It derives its name from the Latin alumen meaning bitterness. The ASM International stated that aluminum was first exhibited in 1855, but it was difficult to obtain during this period that it was more expensive than gold. During this time, companies producing aluminum had difficulty attracting buyers due to its high cost at $2 a pound.It was only after one manufacturer discovered, it made good, inexpensive tea kettles that the price declined at cents a pound, and by the 1900 it was down to 32 cents per pound (p. 35). occupation of aluminum however, was low until World War II, but in 1963, the aluminum industry which was undreamed of during the 1900, employed 35, 970 people in 951 plants with payroll of $221, 567,000. Thus in the first seven months of 1968 alone, more than 412,000 Mg (450 tons) of aluminum were draw up in the United States. John Gilbert Kaufman and Elwin L.Rooy pointed out that the first big market for aluminum were the castings following the commercialization of the Hall-Heroult electrolytic reduction process (p. 1). Kaufman and Rooy stressed that at first application were merely limited to curiosities such as house numbers, hand mirrors, combs, brushes, tie clamps, and decorative lamp housings that emphasize the light weight, silvery finish, and novelty of the new metal (p. 1).Furthermore, Kaufman and Rooy cited that cast aluminum cookware was invented and was a welcome alternative to cast iron and establishment pots, pans, and kettles (p. ). As the production of aluminum increases, its cost steadily declined, and by the end of the 19th century, important eng ineering application became economically viable (p. 1). From this point onward, the use of aluminum in some industry features prominently. Kaufman and Rooy stated that the use of aluminum played important role electrification. Aluminum was well worthy to the electrification demand of a low-density, corrosion resistant, and high-conductivity wire and cable.Aluminum was also sui bow to transmission towers and cast installation hardware, and was also in demand to self-propelled pioneers who sought innovative materials and product forms to differentiate the performance and appearance of their products (Kaufman & Rooy, p. 1). more(prenominal) importantly, Kaufman and Rooy noted that when the Wright Brothers succeeded in powerful flight, engine and other parts in cast aluminum represented the beginning of a close collaborationism with what would sustain the aviation industry (p. 1).The earliest design rules for aluminum structures consort to Randolph Kissell and Robert L.Ferry were developed at Alcoa around 1930 and were used to design the aluminum deck and floor beams installed on the Smithfield street Bridge in Pittsburg in 1933 (Ferry 2002, p. 217). After the publication of the American Society of Civil Engineers of an article authorise Specification for coordinates of a Moderate Strength Aluminum Alloy of spunky Resistance to Corrosion in 1952 and similar other publications in 1956, major aluminum producers led by Alcoa as the number aluminum producer, followed by Reynolds and Kaiser began to developed structural design books for their product (Kissel & Ferry, p. 17).From this point on, aluminum has become important components of the construction manual series which included the following divide 1 Specifications for aluminum structures section 1A Commentary on Specifications for Aluminum Structure section 2 Illustrative Examples of Designs Section 3 Engineering data for Aluminum Structures and, section 5 Specification for Aluminum Sheet alloy Work i n Building Construction (p. 18). From its humble beginnings, the use of aluminum has evolve from simple curiosities such as house numbers, combs, pins, and other weensy items made from aluminum, to become an important material in almost dividing line industries from automotive to aero space industry, to construction industry. Below is a classification table for aluminum which characterizes its description and its properties.